In the Directing chapter, motivation is key. But how do you motivate an employee? Abraham Maslow suggested that human needs follow a specific order.
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs
In Board Exams, you will get a case study about an employee (e.g., “Ravi is happy with his salary but feels lonely at work”). You must identify which “Need” is missing. Let’s master the pyramid.
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs
The 5 Levels of the Pyramid
Level 1: Basic Physiological Needs
- Concept: Survival needs (Food, Shelter, Sleep).
- Business Example: Basic Salary.
- Case Study Clue: “Employee is struggling to meet daily expenses.”
Level 2: Safety/Security Needs
- Concept: Physical and economic safety.
- Business Example: Job security, Pension plans, PF.
- Case Study Clue: “Employee is worried about his future after retirement” or “fears getting fired.”
Level 3: Social (Affiliation) Needs
- Concept: Love, friendship, belongingness.
- Business Example: Friendly colleagues, team parties, informal groups.
- Case Study Clue: “Employee feels isolated,” “No friends at office,” or “Misses social interaction.”
Level 4: Esteem Needs
- Concept: Self-respect, status, recognition.
- Business Example: Job title, Promotion, Awards, “Employee of the Month.”
- Case Study Clue: “Employee wants recognition,” “Wants a higher post,” or “Feels his hard work is not appreciated.”
Level 5: Self-Actualization Needs
- Concept: Reaching one’s full potential (Becoming what you are capable of).
- Business Example: Challenging goals, opportunities for innovation/growth.
- Case Study Clue: “Employee wants to learn new skills,” “Wants to achieve something unique,” or “Is bored of routine work.”
Commastery’s Exam Tip
Maslow says you cannot jump levels. You can’t motivate a starving man (Level 1) with a trophy (Level 4). In case studies, identify the current satisfied level and suggest the next higher level as a motivator.
[Conclusion] Understanding Maslow helps you solve “Motivation” case studies in seconds. For more on Leadership Styles and Communication barriers, check our Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus.
